High SchoolAlgebra

Quadratic Equations

Equations with x² — factoring and the formula

Solve quadratic equations by factoring, completing the square and the quadratic formula.

Standard form: ax² + bx + c = 0Factoring: (x+p)(x+q) = 0 → x = −p or −qQuadratic formula: x = (−b ± √(b²−4ac)) ...

📖 Understanding Quadratic Equations

A quadratic equation has the form ax² + bx + c = 0, where a ≠ 0. The highest power of x is 2. Solutions are called roots.

Method 1 — Factoring: Rewrite as (x + p)(x + q) = 0. Then x = −p or x = −q. Works when the equation factors neatly.

Method 2 — Quadratic Formula: x = (−b ± √(b²−4ac)) / 2a. Always works! The discriminant b²−4ac tells us: if positive → 2 real roots, if zero → 1 root, if negative → no real roots.

Method 3 — Completing the Square: Rewrite as (x + p)² = q, then solve. Also used to find the vertex of a parabola.

🔑 Key Points to Remember

  • Standard form: ax² + bx + c = 0
  • Factoring: (x+p)(x+q) = 0 → x = −p or −q
  • Quadratic formula: x = (−b ± √(b²−4ac)) / 2a
  • Discriminant (b²−4ac): >0 two roots, =0 one root, <0 no real roots
  • Parabola opens up if a>0, down if a<0
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