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UniversityAdvanced Algebra

Linear Algebra

Matrices, vectors and systems of equations

Introduction to matrices, matrix operations, determinants, and solving linear systems.

Matrix: m×n array of numbersMatrix multiplication: rows × columnsdet(A) = ad − bc for 2×2

📖 Understanding Linear Algebra

A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers arranged in rows and columns. A matrix with m rows and n columns is called an m×n matrix.

Matrix Addition: Matrices of the same size are added element by element. Matrix Multiplication: (AB)ᵢⱼ = sum of row i of A × column j of B. Note: AB ≠ BA in general.

The determinant of a 2×2 matrix [a b; c d] is det(A) = ad − bc. If det(A) = 0, the matrix is singular (no inverse).

The inverse matrix A⁻¹ satisfies AA⁻¹ = I (identity matrix). For 2×2: A⁻¹ = (1/det(A))[d −b; −c a]. Used to solve systems AX = B → X = A⁻¹B.

🔑 Key Points to Remember

  • Matrix: m×n array of numbers
  • Matrix multiplication: rows × columns
  • det(A) = ad − bc for 2×2
  • A⁻¹ exists only when det(A) ≠ 0
  • AX = B → X = A⁻¹B
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