English Book one Xl
Unit: 1 The Last Sermon of the Holy Prophet (S.A.W)
Unit: 1 The Last Sermon of the Holy Prophet (S.A.W)
The Last Sermon of the Holy Prophet (S.A.W)
Our Holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) is the last of the Prophets. Holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) was born in 571 AD at Makkah Saudi Arabia, in a respected Quraish family. The Quraish used to worship idols and did not believe in one God. Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W), asked the Quraish not to worship their false gods. He told them that he was the Prophet of Allah and asked them to accept Islam and to worship the One and only true God. Most of them refused to accept Islam. They thought that he was against their gods and their ancestors . They opposed this new faith so much that the Prophet (S.A.W) had to ask the believers to migrate to Yathrib, a city 320 km (200 miles) north of Makkah.
But, with time, as many people started accepting his message and converting to Islam, the Quraish became more aggressive and started making attempts on his life. Hence, when Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) got positive signals from Yathrib, he also decided to emigrate there. After eight days’ journey, he reached the outskirts of Yathrib, on 28th June 622; but he did not enter the city directly. He stopped at a place called Quba’, a place some miles from the main city, and built a mosque there.
On 2nd July 622, Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) entered the city. This event is known as“Hijra”and marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar. Yathrib was soon renamed Madinat un-Nabi (literally “City of the Prophet”), but un-Nabi was soon dropped, and its name became “Madina”, meaning “the city”.
At the time of arrival of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) in Madina, the city had four broad groups of people. There were the Muslims, including those who were from Madina and those who had emigrated from Makkah. Then, there were the hypocrites; that is those who embraced Islam in name only, but actually, were against it. Additionally, there were people from Aws and Khazraj, who were still pagans but were likely to accept Islam. Finally, there were the Jews, who were huge in number and formed an important community there.
In order to ensure that all these people lived peacefully with each other, Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) invited the leading personalities of all the Communities to discuss this matter. He wanted the different groups to reach a formal agreement for harmony among the communities and for the security of the city of Madina. He succeeded in drawing up the Constitution of Madina, also known as the Charter of Madina, through which a kind of understanding was developed among all the communities living in Madina. It mentioned the rights and duties of the Muslims and the Jews of Madina, gave freedom of religion, and prohibited any alliance with the outside enemies. It also declared that any dispute would be referred to Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) for settlement. In later years, he unified the different Arab tribes under Islam,
carried out social and religious reforms, and administrative developments that further consolidated the Islamic community in Madina.
In the year 10 A.H., Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) undertook his farewellpilgrimage to Makkah. This farewell pilgrimage is one of the most significant historical events for the Muslims, for it was the first and last pilgrimage made by Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W), as well as an occasion when he taught Muslims how to perform the Haj. Moreover, it was during this Haj, that he delivered his last sermon in the Uranah valley of Mount Arafat, on the 9t of Dhual-Hijah, 10 A.H. (6″March 632). There were countless Muslims present with the Prophet (S.A.W) during his last pilgrimage when he delivered his last Sermon.
Delivering his last sermon, Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) first of all praised and thanked AIlah, and then said, “O people , Iend me an attentive ear, for I know not whether, after this year, I shall ever be amongst you again. Therefore, listen to what I am saying to you very carefully and take these words to those who could not be present here today.”
Then, amongst other things, he gave the following messages:
“O Peoplel regard the life and property of every Muslim as a sacred trust. Return the goods entrusted to you to their rightful owners. Hurt no one so that no one may hurt you.”
“Beware of Satan, for the safety of your religion. He has lost all hope that he will ever be able to lead you astray in big things, SO beware of following him in small things.”
O People, it is true that you have certain rights with regard to your women, but they also have rights over you.”
“All mankind is from Adam and Adam was created from dust. The noblest of you in Allah’s sight is the most God-feaxing. An Arab has no superiority over a non-Arab, nor does a non-Arab have any superiority over an Arab; a white h has no superiority over a black, nor does a black have any-superiority over a white, except by piety and good action. 1, therefore, crush under my feet all the false claims to greatness and superiority founded on blood or wealth,”
“Every Muslim is a brother to every Muslim and that the Muslims constitute one brotherhood. Nothing shall be legitimate to a Muslim which belongs to a fellow Muslim unless it was given freely and willingly.”
The Holy Prophet completed His last sermon by saying, “Be my witness,O God, that I have conveyed your message to your people.”
The messages conveyed i this sermon are for all times. If the Muslims follow these messages, the result will be fair and equitable society, in which there will be honesty and justice, and meritocracy will be the guiding principle.
Unit: 2 Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai
Unit: 2 Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai
Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai
Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai, who is lovingly called Lal Latif by his devotees, was anoted Sindhi Sufi scholar, mystic, saint, and poet. He is considered as the greatest Muslim poet of the Sindhi language. Information about the life of Bhitai has mostly been collected from oral traditions. A renowned Pakistani scholar, educationist, and writer of plays, dramas and stories, Mirza Kalich Beg, is said to have collected details about the early life of Shah Bhitai from some of the old people living at that time. These people had heard these facts from their fathers and grandfathers, some OF whom had seen Shah Latif in person and had even spoken to him.
As a Sufi poet, Latif’s .Urs is held at his shrine every year, on 14th Safar, the second month of the Muslim calendar. Thousands of people gather and listen to the saint’s songs sung on the rambooro’. Many learned men read papers that tell about Latif’s life and his poetry. Some of the key aspects shared by different scholars about Lal Latif are given below:
1.Background And Family
2.The Name Of Bhitai
3.Early Life and Education
4.Youth
Young Latif had a very sensitive mind. While he was only a boy, he started composing poetry. His admiration for the beauty of nature filled his heart with the love of God. In 1713 the Sufi poet married with Bibi Saidha Begum. His wife died at an early age, before she could have any children. However, Shah never married again. His heart turned more and more towards religion and devotion and he 13 restless; he found it difficult to live a normal domestic life.
5. Spiritual Growth
Latif’s love of God grew more and more, 1 to the extent that le found pleasure only in devotion. As a result, he spent most of his time in prayers and deep thinking. His spiritual power grew stronger with prayers and devotion.so much so that people began to be attracted towards him. Anyone who came to him was strongly impressed by his gentle ways, and his followers increased day by day.
Close to the mound on which Lal Latif came to live is a natural lake. His poetic nature loved the calm atmosphere. He would spend much of his timesittingg on the bank of f this lake. As he sat there, he prayed to God and sometimes composed verses in His praise.
6. Death and Remembrance
Lal Latif died in 1752, on the mound where he had lived. He was buried on the same mound . It is said that one day he ordered the musicians to play music. They played continuously for three days. When they stopped playing, they found the poet dead. A famous king of Sindh, Ghulam Shah Kalhoro, was so devoted to him that he built a grand mausoleum over his grave. The lovely white dome of the shrine represents the purity and dignity of Latif.
His devotees collected his poetry, and this collection is called the “Risalo of Shah Abdul Latif, “Every year, the devotees celebrate his Urs, which commences on 14th” Safar and lasts for three days.
7. Shah Latif’s Poetry
Shah Abdul Laitit was a sensitive, entl and kind soul. He was a Sufi in the true sense of the word. The word ‘latif` literally means fine, delicate, tender, elegant, and light. This meaning is truly reflected in both his poetry and his personality. Moreover, he was a poet of the people, so he wrote in the language of the common man. In his poems he writes mainly about Sindh and its neighbouring regions. However, he also mentions distant cities, such as Istanbul and Samarqand, and also talks about Sindhi sailors (Samundi), their navigation techniques, and their voyages as far as the Malabar coast, Sri Lanka and the island of Java, Here is the translation of one such verse:
Clouds return and once again, it rains. Lightning flashes from all sides, and with it, some go to Istanbul, others turn to the west. Some shine bright over China and others take care of Samarqand. Some wander to Rome, to Kabul and Kandahar, some lie on Delhi, Deccan, thundering over… My beloved Allah, may you always make Sindh, a land of abundance, my beloved Allah, may you make prosperous the whole universe. (Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai, Sur Sarang, Shah Jo Risalo).
His ollected poems have been compiled in Shah Jo Risalo, which has been translated into English, Urdu, and other languages. His spiritual and mystic poetry carries a message Of love, which makes it universal and acceptable to the entire human race. Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai is, and always will be, remembered for his great poetry with love and reverence.
Unit: 3 Chasing Dreams
Unit: 3 Chasing Dreams
Chasing Dreams
Jameel entered the courtyard in front of the shabby, mud house, walked lazily, and collapsed on the charpoy in the middle of the yard, under the cool moonlit sky Looking at Jameel, his father kept his cup of tea on the table and dragged his charpoy close to him and asked, “What’s the matter, son? You seem upset.”
“No, father, everything is fine.”
“You don’t seem ok. Let’s have dinner, then we will talk about it.”
Jameel’s mother and Aunt Sadori, an old family friend, came out of the kitchen with a tray of food and a jug full of water. His sister, Sara, and brother, Khalid, picked the table and brought it close to their charpoy. Everybody sat around the
table and started eating. Jameel did not move. His father asked him to get up and have dinner. Reluctantly, he got up and started eating. Everybody noticed
that Jameel, I was upset. They cast sidelong looks at him while eating but did not say anything.
As soon as they had finished eating and dhne dishes had been taken away to the
kitchen, his mother asked, “Has your result been announced, Jameel? What
grade did you get?”
In a sad tone, he informed everyone that he had achieved a good grade.
“So, why are you sad? Has Sara passed?” asked his father.
“Yes. In fact, Sara has got more marks than me.”
“Why didn’t you tell me before? I was SO worried,” Sara complained.
“Sorry. Sara, I was preoccupied with my own thoughts about the uture. ou see, you don’t have to worry about your career the same way that I do.”
“What do you mean?” Khalid interrupted.
“She is a girl. She doesn’t have to worry about supporting her family. Only men have to worry about earning for their families,” Jameel commented.
“Come on, Jameel! We don’t get education only for earning money. We do it for improving ourselves, and both males and females need equally. Our Prophet (S.A.W) has said that seeking knowledge is obligatory for every male and female,” Khalid explained.
Jameel felt ashamed, “Yes, you are right. I agree with you.
“I still don’t understand why you are so worried,” commented father.
“Father, there is no college in our village or any other village around ours. The only college where I can go is 50 miles away, in the city. It seems impossible that I can continue my studies although I had dreamed that I would become a doctor and open a hospital here for the villagers, as they cannot afford to go to the city hospital. Remember, how Uncle Sarmad died last year only because he could not be taken to the hospital on time?” Jameel said.
His mother quoted a Sindhi couplet which meant ‘Where there is a will there is way. Distances are to be covered.’ She then said, ‘We can ask Allah Bachayo to take you to the city in his horse cart.”
Aunt Sadori, who had been listening to the whole conversation said, S F have a suggestion. You people have done so much for me, I think now it’s my turn to return the favour. Jameel and Sara can easily come and live with me in the City i and study in the college.
“Reallyl can I really go and study in the city?” Sara exclaimed. “Jameel can go, but Sara should stay here and help her mother,” said Father. Sara quickly wiped the tear that had rolled down her cheek. She didn’t want her father to know her feelings. However, Khalid noticed her emotions and said, “Father, don’t worry about the expenses. Let both of them go,”
“There is a big medical college as well in our city. Later, both of you can easily continue your studies there and ful I your dreams,” continued Aunt Sadori, addressing Jameel and Sara.
“Wow! will also be a doctor and work at Jameel’s hospital! Wonderfull” In spite of his worries about managing finances for both of them, father smiled. Soon, both of them went to the city with Aunt Sadori. Living in the city, attending college, and then the medical college was not a bed of roses. Both siblings had to work extremely hard to pass all the exams in the first go. They could not afford to fail in any subject.
To meet the expenses, both of them gave tuitions to children in the neighbourhood. Their parents never let them know the problems they faced during all this time. In the fourth year, Father and Khalid had to sell a big piece of fertile land to pay their fee. The whole family bore the hardships because they wanted their children to realize their dreams and to work for the betterment of the villagers.
Twelve Years Later
“Uncle Noor Al, you should not eat rice, potatoes, and sugar,” Jameel advised his patient politely.
“Ok, son, I will follow your advice.” Jameel held the old man’s weathered hand and helped him walk outside the impressive hospital building, standing against the backdrop of lush green fields. For a moment, he looked up at the building that portrayed his dreams.
He asked Allah Dinno, ‘Are there any more patients?”
“No, t there are no more patients,’ F replied Allah Dinno.
“Ok, then call Dr. Sara so that we can go to the neighbouring villages and examine the patients there.”
After visiting two nearby villages, Jameel dropped Sara at her house, where her two young children were waiting for her. Jameel was very happy because Sara had hosted a successful seminar for the village women and guided them to improve their personal and family health and hygiene. He then drove home in his small jeep, satisfied with the day’s work.
“Come on, let’s have lunch,” said his wife, with a beaming smile.
“Lunch? You mean you people have not had lunch as yet?” he exclaimed.
“No, we were waiting for you,’ said his parents, simultaneously.
“Ok, then let’s have lunch together.” Everyone washed their hands one by one and moved towards the dining table.
At night, Jameel lay on his charpoy in middle of the yard, under the cool moonlit sky, and thought about the long journey of his ife and all the hardships , that he, his sister Sara, and their family had borne to tulfil their dreams. He felt truly grateful and blessed.
Unit: 4 The Great Visionaries
Unit: 4 The Great Visionaries
The Great Visionaries
The teacher assigned the class a project for the summer vacations, titled ‘The Great Visionaries’. The students were asked to work in groups of four and find information about the Quaid-e-Azam and Allama Iqbal, the two great visionary leaders of the Pakistan Movement. They were asked to develop a booklet, a newspaper edition, or any other form of visual presentation based on the collected information. The members of one of the groups decided to split up the information gathering task; Huma and Tahira offered to look up information on some aspects of Jinnah’s life, while Lubna and Farheen agreed to find information about Iqbal. They decided to share the information with each other through emails. Here are some of their emails.
To: huma.latif @ kmail.com; lubna22 @ circle.com;
farheen_89 @kingston.com
From: tahirabeauty @ sunnyplace.com
Subject: Quaid-e-Azam
Date: June 11, 2018 Time: 2:29 pm
Dear Huma,
Here is some information that | have found about the Quaid-e-Azam:
Personality and Achievements
Quaid-i-Azam Mohammed Ali Jinnah was one of the most dynamic personalities of South Asia. His message of ‘Unity, Faith and Discipline’ and his determination and steadfastness, if made the guiding principles by the nation, can speedily set the nation on the path of progress andn prosperity.
He was one of the top barristers of Bombay. But his greatestn achievement, which is unparalleled in the recent history of the world, is the creation of Pakistan. The world has seen many leaders who have obtained independence for their people from undesired rulers, but few have achieved what the Quaid-e-Azam did; he created a new country. He led the Muslims of the sub-continent to achieve an independent state
called Pakistan, where they could live honourably, according to the teachings of their faith and culture.
Regards.
Tahira
To: tahirabeauty @ sunnyplace.com; lubna22 @circle.com;
farheen_89 @kingston.com
From: huma.latif @ kmail.com
Subject: Quaid-e-Azam
Date: June 11, 2018 Time: 4:37 pm
Tahira, here is some more information that we can add in this section:
Moreover, Mohammed Ali Jinnah was the only leader in British India, who was popular not only among the Muslims but also had a great respect among the people of other faiths, including the Hindus, Christians, Sikhs and Parsis. Due to his tolerance and acceptance of all faiths, some Hindu leaders, like Gokhale and the famous Hindu poetess Sarojini Nido, called him ‘the best Ambassador of Hindu Muslim Unity.’ Best wishes.
Huma
To: huma.latif@ kmail.com; lubna22 @circle.com;
tahirabeauty @ sunnyplace.com
From: farheen_89 @kingston.com
Subject: Quaid-e-Azam
Date: June 14, 2018 Time: 4:30 pm
Huma and Tahira, you might want to add this vital piece of information in
this section:
However, he was very clear about one thing: while Pakistan would be a state where the Muslims would be free to practise the teachings of their faith and to prosper economically. This is in no way meant that the people of other faiths, living in the geographical boundaries of the new state, would, in any way, be lesser citizens.
Farheen
To: huma.latif@ kmail.com; lubna22 @circle.com;
farheen_89 @kingston.com
From: tahirabeauty @ sunnyplace.com
Subject: Quaid-e-Azam
Date: June 15, 2018 Time: 5:29 pm
Thank you, Huma. | agree with you. Now, here is some more information
about him:
Political Acumen and Contribution
Initially, Quaid-e-Azam was a strong proponent of Hindu-Muslim unity and an active member of the Indian National Congress. But, as an outstanding political leader, he very soon sensed that the Indian National Congress was leading the Hindus of the sub-continent towards Hindu-Muslim polarization. This, he realized, would result in political and economic victimization of the Muslims in the region. Therefore, he decided to leave the Congress and join the Muslim League.
Soon after joining the Muslim League he became its president. He, very intelligently, pleaded the case of a separate homeland for the Muslims and succeeded in getting Pakistan. This was despite strong opposition from the two big power players in British India; the ruling British and the majority Hindus.
Have you found some more information?
Tahira
To:; lubna22@circle.com; farheen_89@kingston.com; tahirabeauty@sunnyplace.com
From: huma.latif@kmail.com
Subject: Personality and Achievements of Jinnah
Date: June 17, 2018 Time: 1:30 pm
Thank you, Farheen. We will definitely add this. Now here is the vision that the Quaid had
for Pakistan:
Aspirations for Pakistan
Quaid-i-Azam envisioned Pakistan, as a ‘nation state’ ensuring equal rights for all citizens of Pakistan. On August 11, 1947, the Quaid-e-Azam, on his election as the first President of the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan, declared, “You are free; you are free to go to your temples, you are free to go to your mosques or to any other place of worship in this state of Pakistan. We are starting in the days when there is no discrimination, no distinction between one community and another. We are starting with this fundamental principle that we are all citizens and equal citizens of one State.”
He also wanted Pakistan to be a state where justice and merit prevailed. He wanted the people of Pakistan to be united and to work towards making this new country, an exemplary state. He said: “My guiding principle will be justice and complete impartiality and | am sure that with your support and cooperation, | can look forward to Pakistan becoming one of the greatest nations of the world.”
Alas! This great leader had to leave this world before he could transform his ideals into practical steps. It is now our responsibility to set the future directions for this great country by implementing the Quaid’s vision of Pakistan. If we truly want to pay homage to our great Quaid, we should try and do the things he wanted us to do and not merely praise what he did. On every Independence Day, we should think of what we need to do to take Pakistan forward on the way to peace and prosperity.
Tahira, | think we now have enough information about the Quaid-e-Azam. Let’s see what
Lubna and Farheen find about Allama Iqbal. We’ll then meet and decide how to present all
this information.
Best wishes
Huma